{"id":2321,"date":"2026-09-18T10:50:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T03:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2026-09-18T11:43:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T04:43:28","slug":"khang-sinh-cephalosporin-la-gi-phan-loai-4-the-he","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/khang-sinh-cephalosporin-la-gi-phan-loai-4-the-he\/","title":{"rendered":"Cephalosporin L\u00e0 G\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i 4 Th\u1ebf H\u1ec7 Kh\u00e1ng Sinh Cephalosporin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong y khoa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Cephalosporin<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 4 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Cephalosporin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.
\n\"4<\/a><\/p>\n

1. Cephalosporin L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Cephalosporin<\/b> l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Beta-lactam<\/b> (c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Penicillin). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh Beta-lactam kh\u00e1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Cephalosporin l\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c protein li\u00ean k\u1ebft Penicillin (PBPs), l\u00e0m cho v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu \u0111i, t\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 ra v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m Cephalosporium acremonium<\/i>. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c Cephalosporin l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c enzym Beta-lactamase (do vi khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i 4 Th\u1ebf H\u1ec7 Kh\u00e1ng Sinh Cephalosporin<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u00f3m Cephalosporin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c “th\u1ebf h\u1ec7” d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi enzym Beta-lactamase. Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, 4 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
[Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 1] \u2500\u2500\u25ba \u01afu th\u1ebf tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Gram +)\r\n[Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 2] \u2500\u2500\u25ba C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng & Gram \u00e2m\r\n[Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 3] \u2500\u2500\u25ba M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m (Gram -)\r\n[Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 4] \u2500\u2500\u25ba Ph\u1ed5 k\u00e9p (T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 Gram + v\u00e0 Gram -)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Cephalosporin Th\u1ebf H\u1ec7 1<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n:<\/b> C\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (nh\u01b0 Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m methicillin, Streptococcus<\/i>), t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/b> Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n da v\u00e0 m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Cephalosporin Th\u1ebf H\u1ec7 2<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n:<\/b> Gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tr\u00ean Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 1, nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m (nh\u01b0 Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis<\/i>). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m Cephamycin (nh\u01b0 Cefoxitin) c\u00f3 th\u00eam ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/b> Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, Cefprozil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/b> Vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa, vi\u00eam xoang, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n trong \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Cephalosporin Th\u1ebf H\u1ec7 3<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n:<\/b> Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 1 v\u00e0 2, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc enzym Beta-lactamase c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. Nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ed1t qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o m\u00e1u – n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/b><\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng:<\/i> Cefixime, Cefpodoxime, Cefdinir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam:<\/i> Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime (\u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n huy\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          Cephalosporin Th\u1ebf H\u1ec7 4<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \n
            \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n:<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh “ph\u1ed5 k\u00e9p” (Broad-spectrum). D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 3. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 4 r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c enzym Beta-lactamase do vi khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/b> Cefepime, Cefpirome.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c nguy k\u1ecbch \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m vi\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1t gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u trung t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n da v\u00e0 m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            3. L\u01b0u \u00dd Quan Tr\u1ecdng Khi S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Kh\u00e1ng Sinh Cephalosporin<\/h2>\n
            D\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Cephalosporin c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n:<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \n
              Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c s\u0129:<\/b> Cephalosporin l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n (Rx)<\/b>. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd mua v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 gia t\u0103ng vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c (AMR).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              D\u1ecb \u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi Penicillin:<\/b> Kho\u1ea3ng 1 – 3% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Penicillin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi Cephalosporin. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u00f5 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng cho B\u00e1c s\u0129\/D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee7 li\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian:<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd ng\u01b0ng thu\u1ed1c ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Thu\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1ng Sinh T\u1ea1i Trust Farma International (TFI)<\/h2>\n
              Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh Cephalosporin trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, C\u00f4ng ty C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n Trust Farma Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (TFI)<\/b> ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f3m Beta-lactam\/Cephalosporin ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
              Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y TFI v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t WHO-GMP \/ EU-GMP<\/b>, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o, mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
              Trong y khoa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Cephalosporin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,151],"tags":[220,221],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2321"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2325,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321\/revisions\/2325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfipharma.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}